Which of the following is a precaution/contraindication for iontophoresis?

• A. Healthy skin
• B. Pregnancy is precaution depending on drug
• C. Presence of an implanted electrical device in the treatment area
• D. Recent sunburn

Answer: (C)

Iontophoresis uses a small electrical current to push charged drug ions into the skin, so anything that alters how the skin conducts electricity or that could be affected by the electrical field needs extra caution. An implanted electrical device in the treatment area is a clear precaution/contraindication because the current can interfere with the device’s operation or cause local heating near the device, posing safety risks. The other scenarios aren’t universal barriers: healthy skin is suitable for treatment, though you still monitor for reactions; pregnancy concerns depend on the specific drug used, so it’s not automatically contraindicated for all cases; and a recent sunburn means the skin is sensitive and healing may be suboptimal, but it isn’t an absolute contraindication to iontophoresis.